KENFRITS: mayo 2020

viernes, 22 de mayo de 2020

"I Am Lady" Linux.Lady Trojan Samples

Bitcoin mining malware for Linux servers - samples

Research: Dr. Web. Linux.Lady

Sample Credit: Tim Strazzere

MD5 list:

0DE8BCA756744F7F2BDB732E3267C3F4
55952F4F41A184503C467141B6171BA7
86AC68E5B09D1C4B157193BB6CB34007
E2CACA9626ED93C3D137FDF494FDAE7C
E9423E072AD5A31A80A31FC1F525D614

Download. Email me if you need the password.

FOOTPRITING AND INFORMATION GATHERING USED IN HACKING

WHAT IS FOOTPRITING AND INFORMATION GATHERING IN HACKING?

Footpriting is the technique used for gathering information about computer systems and the entities they belongs too.
To get this information, a hacker might use various tools and technologies.

Basically it is the first step where hacker gather as much information as possible to find the way for cracking the whole system or target or atleast decide what types of attacks will be more suitable for the target.

Footpriting can be both passive and active.

Reviewing a company's website is an example of passive footprinting,
whereas attempting to gain access to sensititve information through social engineering is an example of active information gathering.

During this phase hacking, a hacker can collect the following information>- Domain name
-IP Addresses
-Namespaces
-Employee information
-Phone numbers
-E-mails
Job information

Tip-You can use http://www.whois.com/ website to get detailed information about a domain name information including its owner,its registrar, date of registration, expiry, name servers owner's contact information etc.

Use of Footprinting & Information Gathering in People Searching-
Now a days its very easy to find anyone with his/her full name in social media sites like Facebook, Instragram,Twitter,Linkdedin to gather information about date of birth,birthplace, real photos, education detail, hobbies, relationship status etc.

There are several sites like PIPL,PeekYou, Transport Sites such as mptransport,uptransport etc and Job placement Sites such as Shine.com,Naukari.com , Monster.com etc which are very useful for hacker to collect information about anyone.
Hacker collect the information about you from your Resume which you uploaded on job placement site for seeking a job as well as hacker collect the information from your vehicle number also from transport sites to know about the owner of vehicle, adderess etc then after they make plan how to attack on victim to earn money after know about him/her from collecting information.

INFORMATION GATHERING-It is the process of collecting the information from different places about any individual company,organization, server, ip address or person.
Most of the hacker spend his time in this process.

Information gathering plays a vital role for both investigating and attacking purposes.This is one of the best way to collect victim data and find the vulnerability and loopholes to get unauthorized modifications,deletion and unauthorized access.

More info

Hacking Windows 95, Part 2

In the Hacking Windows 95, part 1 blog post, we covered that through a nasty bug affecting Windows 95/98/ME, the share password can be guessed in no time. In this article, I'm going to try to use this vulnerability to achieve remote code execution (with the help of publicly available tools only).

The first thing we can do when we have read access to the Windows directory through the share, is to locate all the *.pwl files on the c:\windows directory, copy them to your machine where Cain is installed, switch to Cracker tab, pwl files, load the pwl file, add username based on the filename, and try to crack it. If you can't crack it you might still try to add a .pwl file where you already know the password in the remote windows directory. Although this is a fun post-exploitation task, but still, no remote code execution. These passwords are useless without physical access.

One might think that after having a share password and user password, it is easy to achieve remote code execution. The problem is:

there is no "at" command (available since Windows 95 plus!)
there is no admin share
there is no RPC
there is no named pipes
there is no remote registry
there is no remote service management

If you think about security best practices, disabling unnecessary services is always the first task you should do. Because Windows 95 lacks all of these services, it is pretty much secure!

During my quest for a tool to hack Windows 95, I came across some pretty cool stuff:

Internet periscope

Winfingerprint

LanSpy

But the best of the best is Fluxay, which has been written by chinese hackers. It is the metasploit from the year 2000. A screenshot is worth more than a 1000 words. 4 screenshot > 4 thousand words :)

It is pretty hard to find the installer, but it is still out there!

But at the end, no remote code execution for me.

My idea here was that if I can find a file which executes regularly (on a scheduled basis), I can change that executable to my backdoor and I'm done. Although there is no scheduler in the default Windows 95, I gave it a try.

Let's fire up taskman.exe to get an idea what processes are running:

Looks like we need a more powerful tool here, namely Process Explorer. Let's try to download this from oldapps.com:

LOL, IE3 hangs, can't render the page. Copying files to the Win95 VM is not that simple, because there are no shared folders in Win95 VM. And you can't use pendrives either, Win95 can't handle USB (at least the retail version). After downloading the application with a newer browser from oldapps, let's start Process Explorer on the test Windows 95.

Don't try to download the Winsocks 2 patch from the official MS site, it is not there anymore, but you can download it from other sites.

Now let's look at the processes running:

After staring it for minutes, turned out it is constant, no new processes appeared.
Looking at the next screenshot, one can notice this OS was not running a lot of background processes ...

My current Win7 has 1181 threads and 84 processes running, no wonder it is slow as hell :)

We have at least the following options:

You are lucky and not the plain Windows 95 is installed, but Windows 95 Plus! The main difference here is that Windows 95 Plus! has built-in scheduler, especially the "at" command. Just overwrite a file which is scheduled to execution, and wait. Mission accomplished!
Ping of death - you can crash the machine (no BSOD, just crash) with long (over 65535 bytes) ICMP ping commands, and wait for someone to reboot it. Just don't forget to put your backdoor on the share and add it to autoexec.bat before crashing it.
If your target is a plain Windows 95, I believe you are out of luck. No at command, no named pipes, no admin share, nothing. Meybe you can try to fuzz port 137 138 139, and write an exploit for those. Might be even Ping of Death is exploitable?

Let's do the first option, and hack Windows 95 plus!

Look at the cool features we have by installing Win95 Plus!

Cool new boot splash screen!

But our main interest is the new, scheduled tasks!

Now we can replace diskalm.exe with our backdoor executable, and wait maximum one hour to be scheduled.

Instead of a boring text based tutorial, I created a YouTube video for you. Based on the feedbacks on my previous tutorialz, it turned out I'm way too old, and can't do interesting tutorials. That's why I analyzed the cool skiddie videoz, and found that I have to do the followings so my vidz won't suck anymore:

use cool black windows theme
put meaningless performance monitor gadgets on the sidebar
use a cool background, something related with hacking and skullz
do as many opsec fails as possible
instead of captions, use notepad with spelling errorz
there is only one rule of metal: Play it fuckin' loud!!!!

Continue reading

Social Engineering Pentest Professional(SEPP) Training Review

Intro:
I recently returned from the new Social Engineering training provided by Social-Engineer.org in the beautiful city of Seattle,WA, a state known for sparkly vampires, music and coffee shop culture. As many of you reading this article, i also read the authors definitive book Social Engineering- The art of human hacking and routinely perform SE engagements for my clients. When i heard that the author of the aforementioned book was providing training i immediately signed up to get an in person glance at the content provided in the book. However, i was pleasantly surprised to find the course covered so much more then what was presented in the book.

Instructors:

Chris Hadnagy the author of the book Social Engineering- The art of human hacking.
Robin Dreeke the author of the book It's not all about me.

I wasn't aware that there would be more then one instructor and was extremely happy with the content provided by both instructors. Chris and Robin both have a vast amount of knowledge and experience in the realm of social engineering. Each instructor brought a different angle and use case scenario to the course content. Robin is an FBI agent in charge of behavioral analysis and uses social engineering in his daily life and work to get the results needed to keep our country safe. Chris uses social engineering in his daily work to help keep his clients secure and provides all sorts of free learning material to the information security community through podcasts and online frameworks.

Course Material and Expectation:
I originally thought that the material covered in class would be a live reiteration of the material covered in Chris's book. However, I couldn't have been more wrong !! The whole first day was about reading yourself and other people, much of the material was what Robin uses to train FBI agents in eliciting information from possible terrorist threats. Each learning module was based on live demo's, nightly labs, and constant classroom interaction. Each module was in depth and the level of interaction between students was extremely useful and friendly. I would say the instructors had as much fun as the students learning and sharing social techniques and war stories.
The class was heavily made up of ways to elicit personal and confidential information in a way that left the individuatial "Happier for having met you". Using language, body posture and social truisms as your weapon to gather information, not intended for your ears, but happily leaving the tongue of your target.
Other class activities and materials included an in depth look at micro expressions with labs and free extended learning material going beyond the allotted classroom days. Also break out sessions which focused on creating Phone and Phishing scripts to effectively raise your rate of success. These sessions were invaluable at learning to use proper language techniques on the phone and in email to obtain your objectives.

Nightly Missions/Labs:
If you think that you are going to relax at night with a beer. Think again!! You must ensure that your nights are free, as you will be going on missions to gain information from live targets at venues of your choice. Each night you will have a partner and a mission to gain certain information while making that persons day better then it started. The information you are requested to obtain will change each night and if done properly you will notice all of the material in class starting to unfold.. When you get to body language training you will notice which targets are open and when its best to go in for the kill. You will see interactions change based on a persons change in posture and facial expressions. Each day you will take the new techniques you have learned and put them into practice. Each morning you have to report your findings to the class..
During my nightly labs i obtained information such as door codes to secured research facilities, information regarding secret yet to be released projects. On the lighter side of things i obtained much personal information from my targets along with phone numbers and invitations for further hangouts and events. I made many new friends inside and outside of class.
There were also labs within the confines of the classroom such as games used to solidify your knowledge and tests to figure out what kind of learner you are. Technical labs on the use of information gathering tools and ways to use phone and phishing techniques to your advantage via linguistically and technologically. Essentially the class was about 60% interaction and labs.

Proof it works:
After class i immediately had a phishing and phone based contract at my current employment. I used the email and phone scripts that we created in class with 100% click rate and 100% success in phone elicitation techniques. Gaining full unfettered access to networks through phone and email elicitation and interaction. Although I do generally have a decent SE success rate, my rates on return are now much higher and an understanding of what works and what doesn't, and why are much more refined.

Conclusion and Certification:
I paid for this class out of pocket, including all expenses, hotels, rentals cars and planes etc etc. I would say that the class was worth every penny in which i paid for it. Many extras were given including black hat passes, extended training from notable sources and continued interaction from instructors after class ended. I would highly recommend this class to anyone looking for a solid foundation in social engineering or a non technical alternative to training. You will learn a lot, push yourself in new ways and have a blast doing it. However I did not see any sparkly vampires while in seattle.... Twilight lied to me LOL
The certification is a 48 hour test in which you will utilize your knowledge gained technologically and socially to breach a company.I am not going to give away to much information about the certification as i haven't taken it yet and I do not want to misspeak on the subject. However I will say that social-engineer.org has done an excellent job at figuring out a way to include Real World Social Engineering into a test with verifiable proof of results. I am going to take my test in a couple weeks and it should be a blast!!!

Thanks and I hope this review is helpful to all those looking for SE training. I had a blast :) :)

CEH: Gathering Host And Network Information | Scanning

Scanning

It is important that the information-gathering stage be as complete as possible to identify the best location and targets to scan. After the completion of footprinting and information gathering methodologies, scanning is performed.
During scanning, the hacker has vision to get information about network an hosts which are connected to that network that can help hackers to determine which type of exploit to use in hacking a system precisely. Information such as an IP addresses, operating system, services, and installed applications.

Scanning is the methodology used to detect the system that are alive and respond on the network or not. Ethical hackers use these type of scanning to identify the IP address of target system. Scanning is also used to determine the availability of the system whether it is connected to the network or not.

Types Of Scanning

Network Scanning	Identifies IP addresses on a given network or subnet
Port Scanning	Determines open, close, filtered and unfiltered ports and services
Vulnerability Scanner	Detect the vulnerability on the target system

Port Scanning

Port scanning is the process of identifying open and available TCP/IP ports on a system. Port-scanning tools enable a hacker to learn about the services available on a given system. Each service or application on a machine is associated with a well-known port number. Port Numbers are divided into three ranges:

Well-Known Ports: 0-1023
Registered Ports: 1024-49151
Dynamic Ports: 49152-6553

Network Scanning

Network scanning is performed for the detection of active hosts on a network either you wanna attack them or as a network administrator. Network-scanning tools attempt to identify all the live or responding hosts on the network and their corresponding IP addresses. Hosts are identified by their individual IP addresses.

Vulnerability Scanning

This methodology is used to detect vulnerabilities of computer systems on a network. A vulnerability scanner typically identifies the operating system and version number, including applications that are installed. After that the scanner will try to detect vulnerabilities and weakness in the operating system. During the later attack phase, a hacker can exploit those weaknesses in order to gain access to the system. Moreover, the vulnerability scanner can be detected as well, because the scanner must interact over the network with target machine.

The CEH Scanning Methodology

As a CEH, you should understand the methodology about scanning presented in the figure below. Because this is the actual need of hackers to perform further attacks after the information about network and hosts which are connected to the network. It detects the vulnerabilities in the system bu which hackers can be accessible to that system by exploitation of that vulnerabilities.

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jueves, 21 de mayo de 2020

Learning Web Pentesting With DVWA Part 3: Blind SQL Injection

In this article we are going to do the SQL Injection (Blind) challenge of DVWA.
OWASP describes Blind SQL Injection as:
"Blind SQL (Structured Query Language) injection is a type of attack that asks the database true or false questions and determines the answer based on the applications response. This attack is often used when the web application is configured to show generic error messages, but has not mitigated the code that is vulnerable to SQL injection.

When an attacker exploits SQL injection, sometimes the web application displays error messages from the database complaining that the SQL Query's syntax is incorrect. Blind SQL injection is nearly identical to normal , the only difference being the way the data is retrieved from the database. When the database does not output data to the web page, an attacker is forced to steal data by asking the database a series of true or false questions. This makes exploiting the SQL Injection vulnerability more difficult, but not impossible."

To follow along click on the SQL Injection (Blind) navigation link. You will be presented with a page like this:

Lets first try to enter a valid User ID to see what the response looks like. Enter 1 in the User ID field and click submit. The result should look like this:

Lets call this response as valid response for the ease of reference in the rest of the article. Now lets try to enter an invalid ID to see what the response for that would be. Enter something like 1337 the response would be like this:

We will call this invalid response. Since we know both the valid and invalid response, lets try to attack the app now. We will again start with a single quote (') and see the response. The response we got back is the one which we saw when we entered the wrong User ID. This indicates that our query is either invalid or incomplete. Lets try to add an or statement to our query like this:

' or 1=1-- -

This returns a valid response. Which means our query is complete and executes without errors. Lets try to figure out the size of the query output columns like we did with the sql injection before in Learning Web Pentesting With DVWA Part 2: SQL Injection.
Enter the following in the User ID field:

' or 1=1 order by 1-- -

Again we get a valid response lets increase the number to 2.

' or 1=1 order by 2-- -

We get a valid response again lets go for 3.

' or 1=1 order by 3-- -

We get an invalid response so that confirms the size of query columns (number of columns queried by the server SQL statement) is 2.
Lets try to get some data using the blind sql injection, starting by trying to figure out the version of dbms used by the server like this:

1' and substring(version(), 1,1) = 1-- -

Since we don't see any output we have to extract data character by character. Here we are trying to guess the first character of the string returned by version() function which in my case is 1. You'll notice the output returns a valid response when we enter the query above in the input field.
Lets examine the query a bit to further understand what we are trying to accomplish. We know 1 is the valid user id and it returns a valid response, we append it to the query. Following 1, we use a single quote to end the check string. After the single quote we start to build our own query with the and conditional statement which states that the answer is true if and only if both conditions are true. Since the user id 1 exists we know the first condition of the statement is true. In the second condition, we extract first character from the version() function using the substring() function and compare it with the value of 1 and then comment out the rest of server query. Since first condition is true, if the second condition is true as well we will get a valid response back otherwise we will get an invalid response. Since my the version of mariadb installed by the docker container starts with a 1 we will get a valid response. Lets see if we will get an invalid response if we compare the first character of the string returned by the version() function to 2 like this:

1' and substring(version(),1,1) = 2-- -

And we get the invalid response. To determine the second character of the string returned by the version() function, we will write our query like this:
1' and substring(version(),2,2) = 1-- -
We get invalid response. Changing 1 to 2 then 3 and so on we get invalid response back, then we try 0 and we get a valid response back indicating the second character in the string returned by the version() function is 0. Thus we have got so for 10 as the first two characters of the database version. We can try to get the third and fourth characters of the string but as you can guess it will be time consuming. So its time to automate the boring stuff. We can automate this process in two ways. One is to use our awesome programming skills to write a program that will automate this whole thing. Another way is not to reinvent the wheel and try sqlmap. I am going to show you how to use sqlmap but you can try the first method as well, as an exercise.
Lets use sqlmap to get data from the database. Enter 1 in the User ID field and click submit.
Then copy the URL from the URL bar which should look something like this
http://localhost:9000/vulnerabilities/sqli_blind/?id=1&Submit=Submit
Now open a terminal and type this command:

sqlmap --version

this will print the version of your sqlmap installation otherwise it will give an error indicating the package is not installed on your computer. If its not installed then go ahead and install it.
Now type the following command to get the names of the databases:

sqlmap -u "http://localhost:9000/vulnerabilities/sqli_blind/?id=1&Submit=Submit" --cookie="security=low; PHPSESSID=aks68qncbmtnd59q3ue7bmam30" -p id

Here replace the PHPSESSID with your session id which you can get by right clicking on the page and then clicking inspect in your browser (Firefox here). Then click on storage tab and expand cookie to get your PHPSESSID. Also your port for dvwa web app can be different so replace the URL with yours.
The command above uses -u to specify the url to be attacked, --cookie flag specifies the user authentication cookies, and -p is used to specify the parameter of the URL that we are going to attack.
We will now dump the tables of dvwa database using sqlmap like this:

sqlmap -u "http://localhost:9000/vulnerabilities/sqli_blind/?id=1&Submit=Submit" --cookie="security=low; PHPSESSID=aks68qncbmtnd59q3ue7bmam30" -p id -D dvwa --tables

After getting the list of tables its time to dump the columns of users table like this:

sqlmap -u "http://localhost:9000/vulnerabilities/sqli_blind/?id=1&Submit=Submit" --cookie="security=low; PHPSESSID=aks68qncbmtnd59q3ue7bmam30" -p id -D dvwa -T users --columns

And at last we will dump the passwords column of the users table like this:

sqlmap -u "http://localhost:9000/vulnerabilities/sqli_blind/?id=1&Submit=Submit" --cookie="security=low; PHPSESSID=aks68qncbmtnd59q3ue7bmam30" -p id -D dvwa -T users -C password --dump

Now you can see the password hashes.
As you can see automating this blind sqli using sqlmap made it simple. It would have taken us a lot of time to do this stuff manually. That's why in pentests both manual and automated testing is necessary. But its not a good idea to rely on just one of the two rather we should leverage power of both testing types to both understand and exploit the vulnerability.
By the way we could have used something like this to dump all databases and tables using this sqlmap command:

sqlmap -u "http://localhost:9000/vulnerabilities/sqli_blind/?id=1&Submit=Submit" --cookie="security=low; PHPSESSID=aks68qncbmtnd59q3ue7bmam30" -p id --dump-all

But obviously it is time and resource consuming so we only extracted what was interested to us rather than dumping all the stuff.
Also we could have used sqlmap in the simple sql injection that we did in the previous article. As an exercise redo the SQL Injection challenge using sqlmap.

References:

1. Blind SQL Injection: https://owasp.org/www-community/attacks/Blind_SQL_Injection
2. sqlmap: http://sqlmap.org/
3. MySQL SUBSTRING() Function: https://www.w3schools.com/sql/func_mysql_substring.asp

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Tricks To Bypass Device Control Protection Solutions

Preface

As I wrote in a previous blog post, I had an engagement last year where my task was to exfiltrate data from a workstation on some sort of storage media. The twist in that task was Lumension Sanctuary Device Control, and the version was 4.3.2, but I am not sure how newer version work and this seems to be a more general problem with device control solution, for example with Symantec products.

But what is a device control solution? In short, they audit I/O device use and block the attempts to use unauthorized devices. This includes hardware such as USB, PS/2, FireWire, CD/DVD so basically every I/O port of a computer. In my opinion, these are pretty good things and they offer a better looking solution than de-soldering the I/O ports from the motherboards or hot-gluing them, but on the other hand, they can be bypassed.

Bypass

OK, so what is the problem? Well the way these device control solutions work is that they load a few kernel drivers to monitor the physical ports of the machine. However... when you boot up the protected computer in safe mode, depending on the device control solution software, some of these drivers are not loaded (or if you are lucky, none of those modules will be loaded...) and this opens up the possibility to exfiltrate data.

In theory, if you have admin (SYSTEM maybe?) privileges, you might as well try to unload the kernel drivers. Just do not forget, that these device control solutions also have a watchdog process, that checks the driver and automatically loads it back if it is unloaded, so look for that process and stop or suspend it first.

In my case with the Lumension Sanctuary Device Control, I have found that when I boot the Workstation protected by the device control software in Safe Mode where, software's key logger protection module is not running... so I was still unable to use a USB stick, or a storage media, but I could plug in a keyboard for example...hmmm :)

As some of you probably already figured it out, now it is possible to use a pre-programmed USB HID, for example a Teensy! : ) I know about three different project, that uses this trick like these two mentioned in a Hackaday post, or this one. Unfortunately, the site ob-security.info no longer seems to be available (well, at least it is no longer related to infosec :D ), but you can still find the blog post and the files with the Wayback Machine.

For the hardware part, the wiring of the Teensy and the SD card adaptor is the same as I showed in the post on Making a USB flash drive HW Trojan or in the Binary deployment with VBScript, PowerShell or .Net csc.exe compiler post, so I will not copy it here again.

I have to note here that there are other ways to bypass these device control solutions, like the method what Dr. Phil Polstra did with the USB Impersonator, which is basically looks for an authorized device VID/PID and then impersonates that devices with the VID/PID.

Mitigation

Most probably, you will not need safe mode for the users, so you can just disable it... I mean, it is not that easy, but luckily there is a great blog post on how to do that. BTW, the first page of the post is for Windows XP, but you are not using XP anymore, aren't you? ;)

Alternatively, as I mentioned at the beginning, you might as well use some physical countermeasure (de-soldering/hot-gluing ports). That shit is ugly, but it kinda works.

Conclusion

Next time you will face a device control solution, try out these tricks, maybe they will work, and if they do, well, that's a lot of fun. :)

But don't get me wrong, these device control solutions and similar countermeasures are a good thing and you should use something like this! I know that they make doing business a bit harder as you are not able to plugin whatever USB stick you want, but if you buy a pile of hardware encrypted flash drives, and only allow those to be plugged in, you are doing it right ;)

Related posts

miércoles, 20 de mayo de 2020

Ufonet - Dos And Ddos Attack Tool | How To Install Bot

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Takeover - SubDomain TakeOver Vulnerability Scanner

Sub-domain takeover vulnerability occur when a sub-domain (subdomain.example.com) is pointing to a service (e.g: GitHub, AWS/S3,..) that has been removed or deleted. This allows an attacker to set up a page on the service that was being used and point their page to that sub-domain. For example, if subdomain.example.com was pointing to a GitHub page and the user decided to delete their GitHub page, an attacker can now create a GitHub page, add a CNAME file containing subdomain.example.com, and claim subdomain.example.com. For more information: here

Installation:

# git clone https://github.com/m4ll0k/takeover.git
# cd takeover
# python takeover.py

or:

wget -q https://raw.githubusercontent.com/m4ll0k/takeover/master/takeover.py && python takeover.py

Download Takeover

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Trendnet Cameras - I Always Feel Like Somebody'S Watching Me.

Firstly this post requires the following song to be playing.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wVfjwIyc-CU

Now that we got that out of the way... I have been seeing posts on sites with people having fun with embedded systems/devices and I was feeling left out. I didn't really want to go out and buy a device so I looked at what was laying around.

Enter the Trendnet TV-IP110w - http://www.trendnet.com/products/proddetail.asp?prod=145_TV-IP110W

To start off the latest firmware for this device can be found at the following location :

http://downloads.trendnet.com/tv-ip110w/firmware/FW_TV-IP110W_A1.x(1.1.0.104).zip

First order of business was to update the camera with the most recent firmware:

Device info page confirming firmware version

Now that the device was using the same version of firmware as I was going to dive into, lets get to work. I will be using binwalk to fingerprint file headers that exist inside the firmware file. Binwalk can be downloaded from the following url: http://code.google.com/p/binwalk/

Running binwalk against the firmware file

binwalk FW_TV-IP110W_1.1.0-104_20110325_r1006.pck
DECIMAL HEX DESCRIPTION
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
32320 0x7E40 gzip compressed data, from Unix, last modified: Thu Mar 24 22:59:08 2011, max compression
679136 0xA5CE0 gzip compressed data, was "rootfs", from Unix, last modified: Thu Mar 24 22:59:09 2011, max compression

Looks like there are two gzip files in the "pck" file. Lets carve them out using 'dd'. First cut the head off the file and save it off as '1_unk'

#dd if=FW_TV-IP110W_1.1.0-104_20110325_r1006.pck of=1_unk bs=1 count=32320
32320+0 records in
32320+0 records out
32320 bytes (32 kB) copied, 0.167867 s, 193 kB/s

Next cut out the first gzip file that was identified, we will call this file '2'

#dd if=FW_TV-IP110W_1.1.0-104_20110325_r1006.pck of=2 bs=1 skip=32320 count=646816
646816+0 records in
646816+0 records out
646816 bytes (647 kB) copied, 2.87656 s, 225 kB/s

Finally cut the last part of the file out that was identified as being a gzip file, call this file '3'

#dd if=FW_TV-IP110W_1.1.0-104_20110325_r1006.pck of=3 bs=1 skip=679136
2008256+0 records in
2008256+0 records out
2008256 bytes (2.0 MB) copied, 8.84203 s, 227 kB/s

For this post I am going to ignore files '1_unk' and '2' and just concentrate on file '3' as it contains an interesting bug :) Make a copy of the file '3' and extract it using gunzip

#file 3
3: gzip compressed data, was "rootfs", from Unix, last modified: Thu Mar 24 22:59:09 2011, max compression
#cp 3 3z.gz
#gunzip 3z.gz
gzip: 3z.gz: decompression OK, trailing garbage ignored
#file 3z
3z: Minix filesystem, 30 char names

As we can see the file '3' was a compressed Minix file system. Lets mount it and take a look around.

#mkdir cameraFS
#sudo mount -o loop -t minix 3z cameraFS/
#cd cameraFS/
#ls
bin dev etc lib linuxrc mnt proc sbin server tmp usr var

There is all sorts of interesting stuff in the "/server" directory but we are going to zero in on a specific directory "/server/cgi-bin/anony/"

#cd server/cgi-bin/anony/
#ls
jpgview.htm mjpeg.cgi mjpg.cgi view2.cgi

The "cgi-bin" directory is mapped to the root directory of http server of the camera, knowing this we can make a request to http://192.168.1.17/anony/mjpg.cgi and surprisingly we get a live stream from the camera.

video stream. giving no fucks.

Now at first I am thinking, well the directory is named "anony" that means anonymous so this must be something that is enabled in the settings that we can disable.... Looking at the configuration screen you can see where users can be configured to access the camera. The following screen shows the users I have configured (user, guest)

Users configured with passwords.

Still after setting up users with passwords the camera is more than happy to let me view its video stream by making our previous request. There does not appear to be a way to disable access to the video stream, I can't really believe this is something that is intended by the manufacturer. Lets see who is out there :)

Because the web server requires authentication to access it (normally) we can use this information to fingerprint the camera easily. We can use the realm of 'netcam' to conduct our searches

HTTP Auth with 'netcam' realm

Hopping on over to Shodan (http://www.shodanhq.com) we can search for 'netcam' and see if there is anyone out there for us to watch

9,500 results

If we check a few we can see this is limited to only those results with the realm of 'netcam' and not 'Netcam'

creepy hole in the wall

front doors to some business

Doing this manually is boring and tedious, wouldn't it be great if we could automagically walk through all 9,500 results and log the 'good' hosts.... http://consolecowboys.org/scripts/camscan.py

This python script requires the shodan api libs http://docs.shodanhq.com/ and an API key. It will crawl the shodan results and check if the device is vulnerable and log it. The only caveat here is that the shodan api.py file needs to be edited to allow for including result page offsets. I have highlighted the required changes below.

def search(self, query,page=1):
"""Search the SHODAN database.

Arguments:
query -- search query; identical syntax to the website
page -- page number of results

Returns:
A dictionary with 3 main items: matches, countries and total.
Visit the website for more detailed information.

"""
return self._request('search', {'q': query,'page':page})

Last I ran this there was something like 350 vulnerable devices that were available via shodan. Enjoy.

Update: We are in no way associated with the @TRENDnetExposed twitter account.

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viernes, 22 de mayo de 2020

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miércoles, 20 de mayo de 2020

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